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CAN MOSQUITOES TRANSMIT DISEASES LIKE AIDS? Mosquitoes suck whole blood together with all its contained viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, including HIV. Luckily for humans, the HIV virus cannot be spread by mosquitoes . This is because of several reasons accounting for the inability of mosquitoes to transmit HIV. First of all, the feeding mechanism of mosquitoes does not promote transmission, it is not like a hypodermic needle injecting blood . The sucking "snout" of a mosquito is has six mouthparts. Four of these are used for piercing the skin that the mosquito is biting. The other two mouth parts consist of two tubes. One tube sends saliva into the host and the other sends blood up into the mosquito. This two tube system does not allow for mixing. It is one major reason why mosquitoes are unable to transmit HIV. Only saliva is injected into humans when a mosquito bites and thus HIV positive blood that a mosquito may have previously ingested is never tr

PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION, SAFE HANDLING AND DELIVERY 1. Patient should be given clear and simple instructions explaining the need for semen analysis and what is required for specimen collection. 2. Patient should be informed about the importance of abstinence time. Ejaculate must be collected after 3-5 days (but not more than 7 days) of abstinence. 3. Samples should be obtained by masturbation and collected in a warm (20-40ºC), sterile, nontoxic plastic or glass wide-mouth container. Prior to sample collection, the patient must void and wash hands and genitals to minimize the chances of contamination. 4. Use of lubricants and saliva should be avoided as their potential toxicity might influence the result. Semen samples should be protected from extremes of temperature (<20ºC or >40ºC) during transport to the laboratory. 5. All sample containers are labeled with adequate information to eliminate any chances of error. 6. Regular condoms should not b

Effects of smoking on blood Mr. Smart has tried to stop smoking, but has not been successful. He wants to know why it matters and the effects of tobacco on his heart and blood vessels. Let’s explain: There are many chemicals in cigarettes and cigarette smoke that can damage your heart and blood vessels. Two chemicals, nicotine and carbon monoxide, interfere with your cardiovascular system’s ability to function properly. Exposure to nicotine and carbon monoxide change your heart and blood vessels in ways that increase your risk of heart and cardiovascular disease. Nicotine causes your blood vessels to constrict or narrow, which limits the amount of blood that flows to your organs. Over time, the constant constriction results in blood vessels that are stiff and less elastic. Constricted blood vessels decrease the amount of oxygen and nutrients your cells receive. To meet the need for more oxygen, your heart rate may increase. Carbon monoxide binds hemoglobin, the molecule i

FOLASADE’S STORY OF FRUITFULNESS – FROM RIDICULE TO MIRACLE I got married to my husband Olumuyiwa in December 2006. My problems started before I got married. I used to have irregular periods and a very heavy menstrual flow with lots of blood clot right from my secondary school days. I was taken to the hospital, got treated with antibiotics and a whole lot of other medications, though it helped a little but I was not cured completely. I started getting anxious but not worried that I wasn’t pregnant a year into my marriage and that was the beginning of my journey to several doctors. I consulted various gyneacologist who gave different diagnosis. In 2007, I was diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes. After carrying out the HSG (fallopian tube test), the doctor then inferred that he would need to get the tubes flushed perhaps the blockage could be removed. He did carryout the procedure, a very painful experience! After 6 months, still no pregnancy, I moved to another hospital. T

Food poisoning Food poisoning does not mean that somebody else has placed poison in your food. It is an illness caused by eating food or drinking water that is contaminated, spoiled or toxic and therefore made unsafe for consumption. Here, certain micro-organisms have found their way into your food and are able to reproduce and multiply there. It is the multiplication of these organisms that frequently makes food the poison that it then becomes. It is a very common problem and it is estimated that in Nigeria, there may be as many as 1.5 million cases yearly. The good news is that the disease is often of a short duration lasting only a few days or at worst, a few weeks. It is often self-limiting and can usually be recognised for what it is by the affected person. It is similarly spread through contaminated water or food. Food can become contaminated at any stage during its production, processing or cooking. It can especially become contaminated by not cooking it properly. A goo

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms

RHESUS FACTOR AND MARRIAGE ASIDE KNOWING YOUR GENOTYPE BF MARRIAGE, THERE'S NEED FOR ONE TO KNOW HER RHESUS FACTOR! RHESUS FACTOR INCOMPATIBILITY IS A LEADING CAUSE OF MISCARRIAGE! NOT ALWAYS YOUR VILLAGE PEOPLE! PLEASE TAKE TIME TO READ DZ: Rhesus Factor is an antigen that exists on the surface of red blood cells in most people (about 85% of humans). It is also referred to as Rh Factor. People who have the Rh have “positive” (+) blood types, such as A+, O+ or B+ are said to be rhesus Factor positive, while those who have the Rh “negative” (-) blood types, such as A–, O– or AB– are said to be rhesus factor negative . The “+” and “-” in front of the blood group is the Rhesus factor. Generally, we have A+, A–, B+, B–, AB+, AB–, O+ and O–. Rhesus factor is genetic in nature. It is inherited from the parents, emphatically the father. How does Rhesus Factor cause miscarriage? If a Rh– woman is impregnated by a man with Rh–, there wouldn’t be any problem. However, if a Rh

How To Identify A Scam Interview Invitation 1. *The message does not bear a company name* : most of these scammers won't include their names on the message you will receive. All you will see are the address, the time and date and a phone number. A genuine company will not hide its identity from a potential employee. 2. *The message will say "interview/job briefing":* whatever job briefing means I don't know! 3. *You will see a code or reference:* something like "HR=0056" or "REF=002". This is an indication of the code number of the person who invited you to the "job briefing". 4. *It will contain a phone number* : this is the number of your referer. Most genuine companies don't give phone numbers. 5. *You will see HR Admin* in the message instead of company name 6. If you call their number, they will be reluctant to give info on the company. And pls, ignore those people sharing job flyers on the streets, and those